Paris Agreement 2015

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The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The contents of the agreement was framed by the representatives of the 195 nations at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC on December 12, 2015. It was opened for signature on April 22, 2016 in New York City. By October 2016, 192 members of UNFCCC have signed the treaty. India is a signatory to this agreement.

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Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

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Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
Vienna Convention is a Multilateral Environmental Agreement. It was agreed upon in Vienna Conference in 1985 and came into force in 1988. It was ratified by 197 nations. It is one of the most successful treaties of the United Nations which produced this agreement. A Multilateral Environmental Agreement is legally binding.
Vienna Convention was revised in the following order till 2016

Montreal Protocol 1987, an international treaty which aims at bringing the Ozone layer to the level of 1980

Helsinki 1989

London 1990

Nairobi 1991

Copenhagen 1992

Bangkok 1993

Vienna 1995

Montreal 1997

Australia 1998

Beijing 1999

Kigali 2016

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Additional Source:

Wikipedia

United Nations Treaty Collections

MUDRA

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The Union Budget presented by the Hon’ble Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley, for FY 2015-16, announced the formation of MUDRA Bank. Accordingly MUDRA was registered as a Company in March 2015 under the Companies Act 2013 and as a Non Banking Finance Institution with the RBI on 07 April 2015. MUDRA was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 08 April 2015 at a function held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
The Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd (MUDRA) was set up by the Government of India (GoI). MUDRA has been initially formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of Small Industries Development bank of India (SIDBI) with 100% capital being contributed by it. Presently, the authorized capital of MUDRA is 1000 crores and paid up capital is 750 crore, fully subscribed by SIDBI. More capital is expected to enhance the functioning of MUDRA.
This Agency would be responsible for developing and refinancing all Micro-enterprises sector by supporting the finance Institutions which are in the business of lending to micro / small business entities engaged in manufacturing, trading and service activities. MUDRA would partner with Banks, MFIs and other lending institutions at state level / regional level to provide micro finance support to the micro enterprise sector in the country.
Micro Finance is an economic development tool whose objective is to provide income generating opportunities to the people at the bottom of the pyramid. It covers a range of services which include, in addition to the provision of credit, many other credit plus services , financial literacy and other social support services.
MUDRA has been formed with primary objective of developing the micro enterprise sector in the country by extending various support including financial support in the form of refinance, so as to achieve the goal of “funding the unfunded”.

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Contents from the site mudra.org.in

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Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

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Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely, Banking/ Savings & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. (contents from the government site at pmjdy.gov.in)

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What is RuPay Debit Card?

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What is RuPay Debit Card?
Ans. Rupay Debit Card is an indigenous domestic debit card introduced by National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI). This card is accepted at all ATMs (for cash withdrawal) and at most of the PoS machines (for making cashless payment for purchases) in the country.

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(contents from the government site at pmjdy.gov.in)

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What is a BSBDA Account?

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What is BSBDA Account?
Ans. Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account (BSBDA) has been defined by RBI vide its circular dated 10.08.2012. Its salient features are: • There is no requirement of minimum balance. • The services available include deposit and withdrawal of cash at bank branch as well as ATMs; receipt/credit of money through electronic payment channels or by means of collection/deposit of cheques. • Maximum of 4 withdrawals a month including ATM withdrawal. No such limit for deposits. • Facility of ATM card or ATM-cum-Debit card. • These facilities are to be provided without any extracost.
The accounts opened under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a BSDA account.

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. (contents from the government site at pmjdy.gov.in)

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Regional Connectivity Scheme UDAN

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The Civil Aviation Ministry has launched the Regional Connectivity Scheme on October 21, 2016. It is one of the objective of the National Civil Aviation Policy (NACP) 2016.

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External Source: PIB (Kindly note, after sometime the links to PIB becomes non functional.

Vidyanjali (School Volunteer Programme)

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Vidyanjali - (School Volunteer Programme) is an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of School Education & Literacy to enhance community and private sector involvement in Government run elementary schools across the country under the overall aegis of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

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External Source: Vidyanjali

Scoville Scale

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Scoville Scale:
It is the measurement of pungency of chili peppers and other spicy foods as reported in Scoville Heat Units (SHU). The measurement is done by Scoville Organoleptic Test.

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Other way of testing is High-performance liquid Chromatography.
Relevance: This scale is news in case of the use of PAVA Shells use.

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Source of Content: Wikipedia: Scoville Scale (Click to Access).

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Nobel Prize Winners 2016

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All the Nobel Prize Winners of 2016 can be noted from the site of the Nobel Prize Site itself. Click HERE to access the page.
It is repeated here that other links of the site should also be explored. There are questions in Preliminary on this organization on regular basis.

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PAVA Shells: Pelargonic Acid Vanillyl Amide Shells

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Full form of PAVA Shells: Pelargonic Acid Vanillyl Amide (PAVA) The Riot Control device and munition has been developed by Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratory in Lucknow.
It has come into news when the Government of India adopted it as an alternative to the pallet guns which were used in Kashmir Valley.
Pelargonic Acid Vanillylamide is also called Pelargonic Acid Nonivamide is an organic compound found in natural chilli pepper. It is also used in self-protection sprays. It is biosafe. It temporarily incapacitates the target. It has a projected range of 4 to 5 meters.
The PAVA Shell are manufactured by Tear Smoke Unit (TSU) of BSF Gwalior. This unit was established in 1976. Presently it is producing 75 varieties of munitions.
Other Alternatives of Riot Control management are:
Tear Gas
Pellet Guns
Dye Marker Grenade with irritant
Tear Smoke Gas with Soft Nose (that melts after busting so that they can not be picked and thrown back)
Stun Grenade

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Added and Supporting links: The Hindu and The Hindu (some additional points): Indiatimes:

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Juan Manuel Santos Calderón

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Juan Manuel Santos Calderón:
Juan Manuel Santos the President of Columbia. He is the sole winner of Nobel Peace Prize 2016. He was awarded the prize for negotiating a peace treaty with the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia Related wikipedia link Click) guerillas.
Additional Comment: Generally a question on Nobel Prize is asked in the Preliminary

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Antonio Guterres

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Antonio Guterres:
Antonio Guterres will be the next Secretary General of United Nations. He will take over from Ban Ki-moon on January 1, 2017.
Antonio Guterres is a former Prime Minister of Portugal.
Additional Comments: In Preliminary Examinations there are generally questions on the working of the Secretariat of the United Nations. It is also relevant to GS II. Keep Tap on UN Website (Click Here to access).
External Sources:
1. Business Standard
2. Wikipedia

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Arthapedia

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Arthapedia: It is a portal maintained by the Indian Economic Services. It gives the explanation of the concepts used in India economy policy. Such concepts help to understand the Indian Economy and its governance. The General Studies Paper III is related to the India Economy. A study of the portal will definitely help the aspirants. One can reach it by Clicking Here. Some of the suggestive concepts given below may help to appreciate the relevance:
1. Consumer Price Index
2. Jan Aushadhi Scheme
3. Kisan Credit Card
4. National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)
5. Money Bill
6. Finance Bill
7. Appropriation Bill
Presently there are approximately around 400 terms. Many of the terms are of recent origin and they are highly useful for the forthcoming Mains papers. There are equally useful for the Prelims 2017.

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NPS: National Pension System

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National Pension System Click here for elaboration as given on TOI by Swatantra Kumar

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Making Use of India Year Book

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S N Reddy on ITCSA blog has given a very useful post on How to use India Year Book (Click Here to access). It is a "You Must Read Category".

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RTGS System

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RTGS stands for Real Time Gross Settlement. For an authoritative FAQ check HERE a RBI FAQ.
For Wikipedia article, which contains a wider perspective Check HERE.
The Wikipedia Article contains points which makes it an important topic for preparation. Check here Economic Times article of this year.

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Statistical Year Book 2013 at ITCSA

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Check this Book HERE.
The book is available on Indian Telugu Civil Servants Association blog. The link will take you that site.
The book is must for Civil Services Mains. With the changed structure, a good reading and notes will be highly rewarding.
Just a side issue. Why do the government publication make Right Reserved fetish. On one hand, it is talking about RTI. On the other hand, It is promoting E-governance. However, while sharing basic data, they intend to exercise their intellectual Property right. Do these secretaries start feeling themselves as scholars and writers? Amusing.

Double Weightage to GS Mains But When

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Kindly Check the Report HERE on Civil Services Examination Reforms. No comment for present.

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Selecting the options: A suggestive Post by S N Reddy

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I recommend that the fresh aspirants must read the post by S N Reddy, IRS (Click Here for the Post). It is nicely written in a lucid English. I believe that it will be comprehensible to everyone. Secondly, the contents relate to such queries which every new aspirant asks even if he or she is the future topper.
Mr. Reddy is quiet clear in telling that the criterion to be made basis for selection should be the interest in the subject. The different theories which are prevalent about the selection could not be easily pushed aside but even then, they are not the right basis of making selection.
Another thing, which I feel he should have emphasized is that the candidate should develop the idea of obtaining 350 plus mark in at least two paper. I mean to say, that even the General Studies Main should also be tackled with that mind set. If you are able to choose two elective options in which you can work hard to make 300 plus marks, then the result is always positive. With this criteria as a premises, the selection of options need to be based on interest than on the popular theories which he has already discussed.
Kindly Read the post of S N Reddy. It is worth reading.

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Man Booker Prize 2012: Hilary Mantel: Bring up the Bodies

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Hilary Mantel wins Man Booker Prize of her historic fiction "Bring up the Bodies". It is her second Booker Prize. She becomes the first women and the third person to win the Man Booker Prize twice.
Check the Report here which is nicely written. Seek answers to the following questions from the news report.

1. Who were the first two authors and the works to win Man Booker Prize earlier? 2. When did Hilary Mantel win her first Man Booker Award? 3. What is the nature of the contents of the novels of Hillary Mental? Also Check Wikipedia Article HERE.

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Justice B. K. Shrikrishna Panel on Financial Sector Regulation

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Business studies are now important part of the General Studies Preliminary and Mains examinations. The suggested post here (Click to access) provide a list of Financial Sector regulators. It will be useful for uninitiated aspirants who are from non-commerce stream to write notes on Business Studies.
Suggested terms:
1. RBI: Reserve Bank of India
2. SEBI: Security Exchange Board of India
3. IRDA: Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
4. PFRDA: Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
5. FMC: Forward Markets Commission
6. SAT: Securities Appellate Tribunal
7. DICGC:
8.FSDC: Financial Sector Development Council

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Justice Altamas Kabir: 39th CJI

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Justice Altamas Kabir has been sworn as the Chief Justice of India. He is the 39th chief justice of India. His predecessor was Justice S. H. Kapadia.
Check the Hindu details here.

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What is GAGAN?

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GAGAN stands for GPS aided geo-augmented navigation. It is a technology which the Airport Authority of India would use with the help of ISRO for the navigation of the planes. The technology will be assisted by GSAT10 which is launched on September 29, 2012.
For further details Check HERE (A Wikipedia Article).

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GSAT10 from Kourou

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GSAT10 has been launched on September 29, 2012 from Kourou at French Guiana in South America.
Check here the Hindu Report which is note of a kind.
Next Question:
What is GAGAN?

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12th Five Year Core Data

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Check Here for the core figures of 12th Five Year Plan. Must for everyone.

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Basel Accords

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Check the following two links in order to understand the concept of Basel Accords. They are related to Banking. In light of the world economic crisis, an understanding of Basel Accords and especially Basel III which comes into force from 2013 to 2018.
Wikipedia Article Further links within in the article can be explored for a wider perception especially Basel II and Basel III.
Hindu Article.

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Right to Hearing

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Right to Hearing Check this Report Here. The report is written in form of a note. Make note of it.

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GAAR: What is it?

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GAAR stands for General Anti-Avoidance Rules. It is aimed at checking the tax avoidance by companies. The Economic Times article HERE discusses the different dimensions and actual thought behind it. It is good for reading and making relevant notes.

Demographic Data for 60 Plus

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India is a country which is growing young. In case of other countries, the old population is increasing more than young population. However, that does not mean that India would not be having the issue of old population. In coming years, the issue of the old age population would require attention of the government.

Check the Report HERE and make notes on the contents.

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Demographic Data 2011

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Demographic data is very crucial. Rather Demographic studies are must. Such a data is crucial for every country and nation for planning. Secondly, it is needed by all such sciences which deal in human beings whether it is sociology, economy, history, political science, public administration. The latest data is equally important as remembering some core ratios. It is useful for GS prelims, GS Mains as well as elective subjects.

Check the report HERE and study it attentively and make notes on change size of family over a decade. Along with that, there should be sensitization about the related problems like housing, child care and divorce rates.

Monorail Project

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Surface Transportation and Urban Habitation Management are crucial issues. The questions can be expected even at Mains Level.

It is important to note that Progressive Movement in America during the first decade of Twentieth Century included the transportation issue as one of their problem areas.

Mark the report HERE and makes note.

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India Year Book 2011

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The interested aspirants can download the India Year Book 2011 HERE.

The link is provided by an anonymous commentator on this website. The commentator has provided the link to padegaindia.in. The site has good information on other competitive examinations also. However, it has inbuilt links to other sites also. I hope that the candidates would find the link provided by me quite useful.

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La Nina

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The present Cold weather is attributed to La Nina effect.

Check the Times of India Report HERE.

For details

Check the Wikipedia explanation HERE.

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Indo-China Trade $67 billion:6700 crore $

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Check the Outlook Story HERE.

It is a usual kind of a story on the news magazine. However, there are figures on Indo China Trade which are good for notes. Secondly, it has given a perspective on ground realities of Indo-China trade which can be useful for preparing answers for the interview.

Hints:
The hurdles for small and medium Indian Businessmen
The objections of the Chinese Businessmen against the Indian business scenario.
The local ground realities of Chinese Market.
The support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The credit problem for the Indian Businessmen
The future prospects
The Indian Exporters expectation from the Chinese Market

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